Longevity & Mitochondrial

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Also known as SS-31 · Elamipretide · Bendavia · MTP-131 · Forzinity

Clinically studiedSubcutaneousIntravenousFDA-approved (2025, accelerated approval) as Forzinity for Barth syndrome only; continued approval may be contingent on confirmatory trials, and all other longevity/mitochondrial uses are investigational and off-label

Elamipretide (SS-31) is a synthetic tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds cardiolipin and is thought to support mitochondrial function and reduce the production of reactive oxygen species. In 2025 the FDA granted accelerated approval to elamipretide (brand name Forzinity) to improve muscle strength in patients with Barth syndrome, a rare genetic mitochondrial disorder, making it the first approved therapy for that condition. Its use for age-related decline, heart failure, eye disease, and other mitochondrial conditions remains investigational.

Studied / used for

FDA-approved (accelerated approval) for muscle strength in Barth syndrome
Studied in trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy
Researched in the context of heart failure and cardiac function
Studied for age-related macular degeneration and mitochondrial decline

Commonly reported side effects

Injection site reactions (redness, irritation)
Injection site itching
Headache
Dizziness

Clinically studied. Supported by human clinical trials. This reflects the strength of the research base, not effectiveness or a recommendation.

Not medical advice.

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